3.6 Los verbos con cambios vocálicos en el pretérito
Estructuras y normas: A guide to mastering grammar for effective communication.
¡Sí puedo! Can-Do Statements
Identify the correct conjugations of stem-changing verbs in the preterit tense.
Do you remember the three groups of verbs that change their stem vowel when it’s stressed? They were presented in the textbook ¡Todos unidos!Fundamentals of Spanish, chapter 5. If you don’t remember, you may want to review how these verbs work in the present tense before moving on with this chapter’s topic: stem-changers in the preterit tense.
Stem-changing –ar and –er verbs in the preterit
–ar and –er verbs that have a stem change in the present tense, don’t have a stem change in the preterit tense. For example:
- (devolver)
Yo devolví los pantalones por ser muy grandes. (I returned the pants for being too big.) - (volar) El billonario voló a España para comprar zapatos de cuero. (The billionaire flew to Spain to buy leather shoes.)
Stem-changing –ir verbs in the preterit
However, the verbs ending –ir *do* have a change in the preterit: but it’s only in the third person (singular and plural), and –ir stem-change verbs will change their stem vowel to just the first letter of the stem-change they had in the present tense. Therefore:
◊ -ir verbs that changed from “e” to “ie” in the present will change just from “e” to “i” in the preterit.
◊ -ir verbs that changed from “o” to “ue” in the present will change just from “o” to “u” in the preterit.
◊ and -ir verbs that changed from “e” to “i” in the present will do the same in the preterit.
Conjugation of stem-changing -ir verbs in the preterit
| Preferir (e→ie, i) to prefer |
Dormir (o→ue, u) to sleep |
Pedir (e→i, i) to request |
| preferí |
dormí |
pedí |
| preferiste |
dormiste |
pediste |
| prefirió |
durmió |
pidió |
| preferimos |
dormimos |
pedimos |
| preferisteis |
dormisteis |
pedisteis |
| prefirieron |
durmieron |
pidieron |
- ¿Pediste unas prendas de ropa de Zara.com? (Did you order/request some clothing from Zara.com?)
- No, pero Luisa pidió mucha ropa de ese sitio. (No, but Luisa ordered lots of clothes from that site.)
- Ella se vistió de pies a cabeza en ropa de Zara.com. (She dressed from head to toe in clothes from Zara.com.)
TIP: The best way to learn these conjugations is to say them out loud until they sound right to you. Practice, and train your ear! Once you hear the endings and changes right in your head, you will be able to spell them right on the page.
